ABSTRACT
Nephrotoxicity, the prevalence and incidence of which is increasing day by day, is affecting very badly the quality of life of the sufferers in addition to the impalement of physical, mental, social and economical damages. The fact that the mortality rate of hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury over the last 40–50 years is almost constant and is not improving itself iterates its graveness. Treatment/management of acute kidney injury is primarily supportive, with the goals of preventing further damage and promoting recovery of renal function. It may include discontinuation, dose adjustment or monitoring of the medications prescribed. There are only few drugs like melatonin and lithium which are supposed to be having the potential of mitigation of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. If metabolic derangements from acute kidney injury do not respond to conservative treatment, either dialysis or renal replacement therapy is the only option to ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. But neither hemodialysis nor renal transplantation, which themselves bring about a lot of personal and familial difficulties, is free from side/adverse effects. Ayurveda, the ancient healing science, describes a lot of measures for the prevention and management of diseases in a great detail. Although nephrotoxicity seems to be a new entity, it can be very well prevented and managed with the adoption of Ayurveda in a cost effective and safe way. This article presents the nehroprotective effect of Ayurvedic advocacy and that of Ayurvedic plants evident by experiments in animal model.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop and propose a new regression for mixed dentition analysis in Chhattisgarh, Central India population. Material and Methods: The permanent dentition dental casts of 800 (400 males and 400 females) Chhattisgarh subjects were selected. Digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal crown widths of teeth. The linear regression equations and correlation between four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments of maxillary and mandibular arches were developed (modified Tanaka-Johnston equation) and proposed for Chhattisgarh population. Results: New standardized regression equations were formulated to predict the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars especially for Chhattisgarh, Central India population. The equation in males for maxillary arch was Y = 11.90 + 0.39 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y = 12.23 + 0.36 (X). Similarly, the equation in females for maxillary arch was Y = 14.40 + 0.26 (X) and for mandibular arch was Y= 10.26 + 0.43 (X). A significant sexual dimorphism in teeth sizes was seen with higher mesio distal dimension in males in Chhattisgarh population. Conclusion: Sum of the mesiodistal diameter of permanent mandibular incisors can be used reliably to predict/estimate the sum of mesiodistal diameters of unerupted canines and premolars with the new regression equations.
Subject(s)
Orthodontics , Linear Models , Dentition, Mixed , India , Mandible , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Drug misuse is a major social, legal, and public-health challenge in the modern world. Drug misuse affects society, family, individual users and offsprings. Using illicit substances during pregnancy is common. A study in UK inner-city clinic demonstrated 16% of the women had taken one or more illicit substances. Screening newborns in a high-risk urban population of USA revealed 44% of 3010 babies tested positive for opiates, cocaine or cannabis. Maternal drug abuse jeopardize maternal health and results in poor foetal outcome. Here we will discuss mainly about antenatal, postnatal, foetal consequences and management of maternal drug abuse. Four drugs i.e Heroin, Methadone, Barbiturates and Cocaine have been selected because they have maximum propensity to cause physical harm. These drugs easily cross the placenta and pass into breast milk, affecting the baby and are so addictive that the unborn baby can become dependent on the drug. Women abusing these drugs during pregnancy can experience memory loss, irritability, changes in alertness and can increase the risk of antepartum haemorrhage, preterm birth, low birth weight, neural tube defects, cleft palates, cardiac defects and microcephaly. Cocaine may cause an unborn baby to die or experience stroke, which can result in irreversible brain damage as they have not yet developed the enzyme that inactivates it. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms have also been reported in infants. Drug use in pregnancy is a potentially complex bio-psychosocial problem and is best managed through careful assessment leading to a care plan that is implemented by a multidisciplinary team.